Relationship between Body Image and Psychological Well being in Patients with Morbid Obesity
ABSTRACT
Background:
Morbid weight problems is rising around the world. It can
reason unsightly appearance and body photograph. Most of the studies have aimed
to assess the psychopathology of overweight and obesity and being attentive to
intellectual nicely-being in morbid overweight individuals is rare. Therefore,
this have a look at aimed to evaluate the connection between body image and
mental well-being in morbid overweight sufferers.
Methods:
This pass-sectional look at, using simple random sampling
technique, became executed on 124 morbid overweight sufferers who stated
obesity health center in Shiraz from 2016 to 2017. The information have been
gathered by way of body picture index and mental well-being questionnaire.
Results had been analyzed the use of descriptive records, Pearson correlation
coefficient check, ANOVA, and Regression analysis.
Results:
The results showed a substantial courting between frame
image and mental nicely-being (r=zero.Forty three) (P<zero.001), and among
the overall rating of the frame photo and all the subscales of psychological
well-being except autonomy and reason in lifestyles (P<zero.05). There
turned into also a sizeable courting among the full rating of psychological
properly-being and all the subscales of body photo (P<0.05). However, there
was no momentous difference between the mean scores of the body image and those
of physical well-being in different categories of body mass index (BMI)
(P>0.05).
Conclusion:
Final consequences indicated that frame picture defects
caused by weight problems ought to lie in terrible psychological properly-being
in all factors. This have a look at can promote fitness clinicians’ knowledge
in helping of intellectual fame of obese people. It is usually recommended that
stopping and supporting intervention ought to be performed as powerful
strategies for encountering and dealing with psychological effects of obesity.
INTRODUCTION
Morbid obesity, as a multifactorial and complex metabolic
sickness,1 is described as a Body Mass Index (BMI) of greater than forty kg/m2
or more than 35 kg/m2 related to co-morbidities.2 The occurrence of morbid
weight problems because of life-style modifications has had a rising trend
around the world inclusive of America and Europe, and is progressively located
at the top of the list of sicknesses threatening human fitness.Three According
to the World Health Organization (WHO), greater than 1.Nine billion people
suffer from obese and 600 million from weight problems.4 In Iran, the country
wide records revealed that the superiority of obese, obesity and morbid weight
problems was respectively 28.60%, 10.80%, and three.40%; these figures in the
ladies and men living in urban and rural areas are, respectively, 37%, 48%,
forty six.70%, and 35.50%.5
There are many bodily, economic, social, familial, emotional
and behavioral results of weight problems. One of the maximum common
psychological issues is the defect in the frame photo.6 Body photograph has 3
dimensions: cognitive, subjective and behavioral. The cognitive thing is
associated with the perception in their bodily appearance (weight, length and
body shape); the subjective measurement is associated with satisfaction or
problem and tension approximately the advent; and the behavioral factor is
associated with avoidance of exposure in addition to anxiety and discomfort.7
Although frame photograph has several dimensional systems, it's far often
defined as a degree of delight approximately the appearance (size, form and
standard look).Eight Several studies have shown that the perceived distinction
among look and perfect frame photograph can result in significant
dissatisfaction;nine this can regularly be visible in issues which include
melancholy and obesity.10 In this regard, the effects of a study confirmed that
weight problems improved the risk of despair in patients11 and decreased their
body image; it additionally brought about frame dissatisfaction, loss of
splendor, and body dysfunction.12 People with terrible body image are more
likely to have an ingesting sickness and greater frequently be afflicted by
negative emotions such as melancholy, isolation, lack of self-self assurance,
obsession with weight loss.Thirteen Obesity is likewise a chance issue for tension
issues.14 In widespread, a body picture is carefully related to human mental
states, so it has impacts on all aspects of human character.14 On the other
hand, negative impact of obesity on the health-related fine of lifestyles and
mental problems has been shown with the aid of many researches.15-18 Moreover,
an epidemiological observe has proven that people with obese and weight
problems have extra physical and emotional disorders as compared to people with
ordinary weight.19 Physical problems encompass the revel in of the ache and
struggling and the bad use of physical capabilities for the happiness and life
enjoyment. Moreover, emotional sickness is a situation wherein an person feels
depressed, dissatisfied, traumatic, and useless.16-18 On the opposite, the
psychological well-being is continuous emotional and cognitive assessment of
personal existence that results in experiencing great feelings, lifestyles
delight, and occasional tiers of negative excitements.20 Despite the importance
of mental well-being, most of the research have investigated the
psychopathology including anxiety, melancholy, low self-self assurance, and
consuming disorders18,19,21 in the overweight and overweight patients
(25<BMI<35) or normal weight people (18.50 <BMI<24.90),16,17,22,23
but attention to the mental health such as psychological well-being has been
rare, especially in morbid obesity.
Furthermore, morbid obesity is a stigmatized condition, and
these patients face with social exclusion, community judgment and discrimination
in many areas of their lives,24,25 so they experience social isolation, lack of
confidence, life dissatisfaction, and negative excitements.26 Probably because
of social isolation in these patients, they have been neglect by the
researchers; also, they do not like to participate in the studies. Regarding
the increasing rate of obesity and morbid obesity in Iran and the limited
attention paid to morbid obese people and their mental health in Iranian
studies, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between body
image and psychological well-being in morbid obese patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A cross-sectional design was conducted from October 2016 to
April 2017. The target population of this study included all people with morbid
obesity who referred to Obesity Clinic of Shiraz Mother and Child Hospital. The
sample size was created on previous studies,22 descriptive studies (r=0.31),
and (r=0.14), α=0.05 and by using statistical software Power SSC; the sample
size was estimated about 130. The samples were selected by unassuming random
sampling method based on table of random numbers. Since the researchers had a
population of 130 which is a three digit number, they used the first three
digits of the information listed on the chart based on the patient records
number in the clinic. They closed their eyes and randomly pointed to a spot on
the chart. Then, the researchers assumed that they selected a digit in the
first column. After that, they moved to the next number. We continued down the
chart to reach the sufficient sample size (n=130). Inclusion criteria were
individuals with Body Mass Index (BMI)>35 and from each genders (male and
woman), and adult age extra than 18 Y/O, having literacy, and appropriate
intellectual and physical circumstance, and willingness to participate within
the study. Patients who had been diagnosed with extreme persistent illnesses or
excessive illness/damage (physical or intellectual), have been taking medicinal
drugs affecting weight, and had a present day or past extreme psychiatric
sickness were excluded from the examine.
The examine statistics had been collected by using a form
such as demographic characteristics, inclusive of gender, age, weight, top,
BMI, and scales of the body picture take
a look at and psychological well-being questionnaire-short form.
After receiving studies approval, the researcher noted
obesity sanatorium for 2-3 days every week. After introducing herself and the
purpose of her have a look at to the sufferers, she requested them to sign
knowledgeable is of the same opinion if they were interested in collaborating
within the take a look at. Then, the researcher asked questions about their
demographic information, and measured their weight and top. The researcher
defined how to complete the two scales and requested them to complete them
about themselves. At the quit, only 124 of a hundred thirty sufferers spoke
back the the questions completely and entered the final analysis.
